Grade 12 Accounting Examination Topics and Units

Grade 12 Accounting Examination Topics and Units

The Grade 12 National Examination in Accounting for the upper secondary schools throughout Papua New Guinea is based on the examination topics and units outlined in the Accounting syllabus. The syllabus builds upon concepts, skills and attitudes learnt in Lower Secondary and provide a sound foundation for further learning.
There are seven main examination topics in the Accounting course taught at the upper secondary level.

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Grade 11 Accounting Examination Topics and Units

There are four main Examination topics in Grade 11 Accounting course. The four topics are outline below. Students studying accounting at the secondary schools must learn these topics well.
11.1 Single Entry Accounting
6 weeks

• Bookkeeping in small business
• Taking stock
• Buying and selling goods on credit
• Calculating and preparing a profit and loss statement
• Bank accounts

11.2 Petty Cash
4 weeks

• Introduction
• Advantages of a petty cash system
• Disadvantages of a petty cash system
• Recording petty cash transactions

11.3 Introduction to Accounting
15 weeks

• The nature of accounting
• Functions of accounting
• Accounting concepts
• Business organisation
• Detailed examination of the equation
• Balance sheet

11.4 Double Entry Accounting
13 weeks

• Ledger accounts
• Account rules
• Transaction analysis chart
• Balancing ledger accounts
• Trial balance

​Grade 12 Accounting Examination Topics and Units

There are three main Examination topics in Grade 12 Accounting course. The three topics are outlined below. Students studying accounting at the secondary schools must learn these topics well in order to sit for the final National Examinations in Grade 12..
12.1 Journals
15 weeks

• Source documents
• Specialised journals
• General journal
• General ledger and subsidiary ledger

12.2 Final Reports
10 weeks

• Accounting period assumption
• Balance date adjustment
• Closing entries
• Profit and loss statement
• Balance sheet

12.3 Assessing Business Performance
10 weeks

• Key performance indicators (KPIs)
• Profitability
• Efficiency
• Liquidity
• Non-financial indicators

Grade 12 Accounting Examination Specification 

The Accounting examination specification details the examination question composition for each topic and units.

• 3 multiple questions for each unit
• 1 short answer question worth 7 marks for each unit. 

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